Biostatistics 1:441-452 (2000)
© 2000 Oxford University Press
Monitoring surgical performance using risk-adjusted cumulative sum charts
1 Department of Statistics and Actuarial
Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Ontario,
Canadashsteine{at}uwaterloo.ca
2 Department of Statistical Sciences,
University College London, UK
3 St. George’s Hospital Medical School
London, UK
The cumulative sum (CUSUM) procedure is a graphical method that is widely used for quality monitoring in industrial settings. More recently it has been used to monitor surgical outcomes whereby it ‘signals’ if sufficient evidence has accumulated that there has been a change in the surgical failure rate. A limitation of the standard CUSUM procedure in this context is that since it is simply based on the observed surgical outcomes, it may signal as a result of changes in the referral pattern, such as an increased proportion of high-risk patients, rather than due to a change in the actual surgical performance. We describe a new CUSUM procedure that adjusts for each patient’s pre-operative risk of surgical failure through the use of a likelihood-based scoring method. The procedure is therefore ideally suited for settings where there is a variable mix of patients over time.
Keywords: Cumulative sum; Monitoring performance; Patient mix; Risk factors; Surgical outcomes
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