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Biostatistics Advance Access originally published online on July 23, 2009
Biostatistics 2009 10(4):744-755; doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxp028
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

A mixed model framework for teratology studies

Johan Braeken*

Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands and CITO, Arnhem, the Netherlands j.braeken{at}uvt.nl

Francis Tuerlinckx

Research Group Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.

A mixed model framework is presented to model the characteristic multivariate binary anomaly data as provided in some teratology studies. The key features of the model are the incorporation of covariate effects, a flexible random effects distribution by means of a finite mixture, and the application of copula functions to better account for the relation structure of the anomalies. The framework is motivated by data of the Boston Anticonvulsant Teratogenesis study and offers an integrated approach to investigate substantive questions, concerning general and anomaly-specific exposure effects of covariates, interrelations between anomalies, and objective diagnostic measurement.

Keywords: Conditional independence; Copula; Finite mixtures; Item response theory; Mixed model; Teratology

Received June 6, 2007; revised February 4, 2008; revised March 12, 2009; revised May 11, 2009; accepted for publication June 27, 2009.


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